Violaciones migratorias por las que te pueden deportar

Todos las personas extranjeras que se encuentran presentes en Estados Unidos pueden ser deportadas o expulsadas si comenten ciertos delitos o violaciones migratorias o de alguna forma incumplen cualquiera de las leyes de los Estados Unidos. Es decir, la remocià ³n puede afectar tanto a migrantes indocumentados como a extranjeros con visas temporales no inmigrantes como a residentes permanentes legales que tienen una tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. En este artà ­culo se explican cuà ¡les son las violaciones migratorias y quà © se puede hacer si las autoridades migratorias inician un procedimiento para la deportacià ³n de una persona. Cuà ¡les son las violaciones migratorias Obviamente, si ninguna autoridad se da cuenta de que la has hecho, no va a pasar nada. Pero si te agarran, dependiendo de las circunstancias del problema, te pueden deportar o  expulsar automà ¡ticamente. Si ya està ¡s fuera de Estados Unidos,  no te van a dar ningà ºn tipo de visa o documento para ingresar legalmente al paà ­s, porque se te considera inadmisible, salvo casos muy concretos en los que se puede pedir un perdà ³n. Las siguientes, entre otras, se consideran violaciones migratorias: 1. Ingresar a Estados Unidos ilegalmente 1 vez: esto es, cuando se entra sin pasar por el debido control de las autoridades de Inmigracià ³n en un puesto fronterizo terrestre, puerto o aeropuerto. Para haber ingresado legalmente es preciso que un oficial de la CBP (policà ­a fronteriza) nos dà © el OK como admitido (admitted) o parole.  Hay que tener en cuenta que ingresar mà ¡s veces o despuà ©s de haber sido deportado produce efectos mà ¡s complicados. 2. Quedarse en Estados Unidos mà ¡s tiempo del permitido: eso es lo que se conoce como overstay. Sucede con las visas no inmigrante tipo turista, estudiante, intercambio, etc (mucho cuidado con confundir la fecha de vencimiento del visado con el dà ­a tope para salir de Estados Unidos. Son dos cosas muy distintas). Tambià ©n afecta a las personas que pertenecen a un paà ­s que puede venir a EEUU como turista sin visa (estos à ºltimos sà ³lo pueden estar 90 dà ­as corridos, ni uno mà ¡s). Relacionado con este punto hay que tener en cuenta que que es posible ser removido de Estados Unidos cuando ya se ha acabado el permiso de dà ­as de estancia y se està ¡ pendiente de una solicitud de extensià ³n pedida dentro de plazo. Estos son casos raros, pero si es posible. 3. Ser un fugitivo migratorio: es decir, una persona que tiene una orden de deportacià ³n y no sale de Estados Unidos para cumplirla (es posible tener una orden de deportacià ³n y no saberlo, asà ­ te puedes enterar). Tambià ©n entran dentro de esta categorà ­a todos los extranjeros que tienen una cita para presentarse ante un oficial del ICE y no lo hacen y se les declara la deportacià ³n in absentia. Los fugitivos migratorios son un objetivo prioritario para ser deportados. 4. Violar las condiciones de la visa: en este apartado pueden darse diferentes comportamientos. Por ejemplo, trabajar con una visa de turista, no ir a clases cuando se tiene una visa de estudiante, utilizar la visa de turista en vez de la de estudiante, no abandonar Estados Unidos inmediatamente cuando el empleador en una visa J-1 de intercambio pone fin a la relacià ³n laboral, etc.   5. Matrimonio de conveniencia: cuando se obtiene la residencia por matrimonio y à ©ste finaliza por anulacià ³n o divorcio antes de que transcurran dos aà ±os desde la fecha en la que el cà ³nyuge extranjero ingresà ³ a Estados Unidos con una visa de inmigrante u otro documento emitido por razà ³n de ese matrimonio.   6. Finalizar la residencia condicional sin convertirla en permanente: Esto sucede en dos situaciones: En primer lugar, si obtienes la tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio y desde el dà ­a de la boda hasta el dà ­a en que te conviertes en residente han transcurrido menos de dos aà ±os, entonces tu residencia es condicional. Y hay que esperar dos aà ±os desde el dà ­a en que se obtuvo la residencia para convertirla en definitiva. Pero si no se produce ese levantamiento de la condicionalidad porque el matrimonio ha finalizado, porque el cà ³nyuge americano se niega a firmar o por otras razones, entonces debes abandonar Estados Unidos (a menos que por otra causa puedas quedarse legalmente). Esto tambià ©n es asà ­ para tus hijos que obtuvieron su tarjeta de residencia tambià ©n condicional, en virtud de tu matrimonio. Y en segundo lugar, si obtienes la tarjeta de residencia por inversià ³n, tà º, tu cà ³nyuge y tus hijos tienen una residencia condicional por dos aà ±os. Si no se cumplen las condiciones para levantar la condicionalidad de la residencia tienes que abandonar Estados Unidos. Si te quedas estarà ¡s cometiendo una violacià ³n migratoria. 7. Contrabando de personas, lo que en las leyes de inmigracià ³n se conoce como smuggling. Te pueden acusar de esto si has ayudado, asistido o incluso simplemente animado a que otra ingrese o intente ingresar ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos. Si bien hay importantes excepciones y formas de luchar contra una acusacià ³n de contrabando de personas. 8. Mentir en cualquiera de sus formas para obtener una visa o cualquier beneficio migratorio, como por ejemplo un ajuste de estatus, etc.   Quà © pasa cuando Inmigracià ³n descubre una  violacià ³n migratoria Ninguna de las acciones mencionadas anteriormente son un delito. Sin embargo, pueden tener consecuencias migratorias muy graves: que no se puede regresar a EEUU por ser inadmisible (salvo los casos de perdones cuando es posible) y que si està ¡s en EEUU puedes acabar siendo objeto de una remocià ³n, mediante una expulsià ³n inmediata o mediante una deportacià ³n.   El no ser un delito eso quiere decir que si està ¡s en EEUU y una Corte de Inmigracià ³n te envà ­a una citacià ³n si se inicia un procedimiento de deportacià ³n (pero no en el caso de expulsià ³n inmediata). En estos casos  tienes que pagar tà º por el abogado, o conseguir uno pro bono que decida no cobrar. A diferencia de lo que ocurre cuando te acusan de un delito, el gobierno no te pone un abogado si no te lo puedes pagar. La consecuencia es que la mayorà ­a de inmigrantes con casos abiertos en cortes de inmigracià ³n no tienen abogado, se intentan defender a sà ­ mismos, no presentan evidencias y acaban perdiendo casos en nà ºmeros altà ­simos.   Es muy importante contar con un buen abogado, es decir, que tenga conocimientos, reputacià ³n y consideracià ³n de honesto.   Con el abogado hay que debatir cuà ¡l es la mejor estrategia a seguir, ya que va a depender de las caracterà ­sticas del caso de cada uno. No hay la misma solucià ³n para todos.   Es importante analizar si puede ser conveniente solicitar una salida voluntaria. O, por el contrario, ver si es posible luchar la deportacià ³n mediante la obtencià ³n de alguna medida de alivio, como por ejemplo el asilo o la cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n. En corto: consecuencias de una violacià ³n migratoria si te agarran Puede significar la remocià ³n de Estados Unidos mediante una expulsià ³n inmediata, una deportacià ³n o una salida voluntaria, dependiendo del caso. O puede ser que signifique que no se puede regresar a Estados Unidos porque no se obtiene visa en los consulados por ser considerado inadmisible o porque el oficial migratorio en un puesto de control considera que la persona no puede ingresar. En este punto tener en cuenta que en los puntos de ingreso a Estados Unidos los oficiales migratorios està ¡n autorizados a pedir acceso a aparatos electrà ³nicos como telà ©fono o computadoras. Ademà ¡s, el sistema informà ¡tico de las aduanas es uno de los mà ¡s completos del mundo y contienen mucha informacià ³n.  ¿Es posible pedir un perdà ³n (waiver)? Depende del tipo de infraccià ³n que convierte a una persona en inadmisible a veces es posible pedir un perdà ³n y asà ­ regresar a Estados Unidos. Y si  se desea obtener una visa no inmigrante, como la de turista, estudiante, trabajador temporero, etc o una green card habrà ¡ problemas muy serios. Si bien es cierto que en algunos casos es posible  solicitar un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso, cuyos requisitos operan de manera diferente segà ºn se pide una visa no inmigrante o una inmigrante y tambià ©n de cuà ¡l es la causa de la violacià ³n migratoria. Por à ºltimo, tener en cuenta que los perdones son difà ­ciles de obtener y requieren que se cumplan todos los requisitos. Es muy importante evitar ser và ­ctima de abogados sin escrà ºpulos que aseguran conocer a una persona que los arregla a cambio de dinero. En la actualidad todos los perdones se tramitan en los Estados Unidos. Para tener una oportunidad para obtener el perdà ³n lo fundamental es cumplir los requisitos que pide la ley y contar con un abogado competente y honesto. Ley que aplica en caso de violaciones migratorias Para los interesados se recomienda leer la Ley de Inmigracià ³n y Nacionalidad INA 237 (a)(1) en varios apartados. Este artà ­culo es sà ³lo informativo. No es consejo legal.

My Personal Growth And Development - 878 Words

I am making the assessment upon my personal growth through the course of Personal Growth and Development. From the 40 Questions Assignment, I take 5 words that describe me are Integrity, Compassion, Fighter, Caring and Friend. I maintain integrity in any given situation as part of character. I also have compassion toward others, especially the ones who have less favorable conditions. When I fight, I do not stop neither I quit. I finish what I start. I care for many things maybe I a little more care than I should. And a good and loyal friend I am, that is maybe the reason I do not have a true friend toward myself. People tend to enjoy my friendship and forgotten about their role to function as a friend in return. And my personality says â€Å"I am a simple yet complex character, at first impression people may catch what they don’t like about me until they care enough to know me more personally and they will find the true friend means.† The list of my strengths as my valuable assets is I am multi-talented person and possess many skills up to the level of mastery. Most of the skills and qualities I have were attained in self-taught process. Some people said that I am close to genius but I look at myself more to diligent in study and attention to detail person. I tend to be too aggressive, although people may think differently because of my size. The two sides of my personality, caring but at the other time I can be so cold. The biggest conflict in my personality is the qualities IShow MoreRelatedPersonal Growth Is The Most Important Factor Of My Development Plan1071 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal growth is the most important factor of my development plan at my current stage in life. 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Summary of Journal “International Marketing Tool the Internet” Free Essays

Article Title: â€Å"International Marketing Tooll: The Internet† Journal Title: Industrial Management And Data Systems Date/Issue: 1998, Vol. 98 Issue 6, 253 – 261. Authors: Fred Palumbo, Paul Herbig Summarized by: Emre Avsar Major goal of this article is to provide to understanding what marketers consider when adopting marketing decisions to the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Journal â€Å"International Marketing Tool: the Internet† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Internet provides to organizations least expensive and original tools for advertising, taking and placing orders and communicating with their customers worldwide. Even if, the Internet can make marketers dreams come true, it can cause harmful consequences for firms which are not aware of the challenges that the Internet creates. Marketers should make decisions having regard to, international price, increase of competition, cultural differences, telecommunication infrastructure, credit cards use worldwide, etc. The Internet is composed of millions of networks connected on a global scale. Those networks provide services which are communicating with one another or to find any information all over the world. The services which provided by the Internet are e-mail, mailing list, newsgroup, cybermall, etc. Companies should decide to how they use the Internet as a marketing tool. When companies deciding that, they should pay attention to international price, global branding, territory, channel conflict, international distribution, organizational structure, increase of competition, means of payment. The Internet gives a more global view, this global availability generate several new challenges such as: Cultural aspects ( language, images, colors) , privacy, concorship, security, international law, intellectual property, global branding, international distribution, intellectual property, etc. The Internet provides many resources for all firms, particularly for small and medium sized organizations, searching for a market for their products and services globally. How to cite Summary of Journal â€Å"International Marketing Tool: the Internet†, Essay examples

Works across Countries like Timor-Leste †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to Works across Countries like Timor Leste? Answer: Introduction The report reflects on the organization SoftArc Engineering that works across countries like Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Australia as well as Papua New Guinea. The organization aims to close the data centre of Brisbane in order to move the data centre to Sydney rather replacing the older infrastructure. The organization also plans to move their Web Services to cloud infrastructure for enhancing both flexibility as well as availability of data. The assignment discusses cloud architecture that is employed for SoftArc Engineering, risks that are associated with hybrid cloud strategy and general information security steps as well as controls for securing hybrid cloud. The paper also elaborates the recommendations for the adoption of hybrid cloud strategy as well requirements that is required by the organization for server administration, resource management as well as SLA management. Description of the cloud architecture that is employed for assisting the SoftArc Engineering in order to meet the Boards Strategy SaaS (Software as a Service) is considered as the most appropriate cloud architecture that is employed by SoftArc Engineering for meeting the Boards strategy. Description of the architecture that is used along with the reason of deploying it Software as a Service is the model that is considered as the most appropriate cloud architecture for SoftArc Engineering. Software as a Service is defined as a software licensing as well as delivering model in which appropriate software is licensed on a proper subscription basis and it is centrally hosted(Dinh et al., 2013). The main reason behind the cloud architecture deployment is that SaaS architecture can be implemented in a much less time. The cloud service provider is very much responsible for both upgrading as well as maintaining the software as well as the system in order to main proper customization (Ercolani, 2013). SaaS model is also considered appropriate or the organization as it is very much flexible in meeting all the needs of the organization. It also is provided proper flexibility in order to integrate with different software interfaces. With the help of SaaS model, important information as well as data can be accessed from anywhere at any time. Benefits as well as issues which would be the result of the deployment of these architectures The benefits include: Less internal responsibility: The SaaS architecture is considered appropriate for the organization SoftArc Engineering as the cloud service provider helps in maintaining the software as well as assists in upgrading the system properly in order to maintain customization through proper upgrades (Almorsy, Grundy Muller, 2016). The SaaS architecture can be properly scaled ip and down in order to maintain various needs of the customer. Access: SaaS model only needs a browser as well as appropriate internet access for proper connection. This helps in making the access of both data as well as information easier (Sanaei et al., 2014). The challenges include: Security problems: One of the main challenges that SoftArc Engineering can face after adopting SaaS architecture is security problems. Proper privacy of the information as well as data is required. Performance: It is analyzed that an application, which is dependent on the browser and access with the help of appropriate internet connection is not as well as much advantageous as compared to other software that generally run on local machine (Wei et al., 2014). Description of the risks that are associated with new Hybrid Cloud Strategy along with possible control measures The risks as well as control measures that are associated with Hybrid Cloud architecture along with proper control measures include: Lack of proper data redundancy: It is analyzed that well-publicized outages helps in highlighting the risks, which are generally running the applications in a specific data centre (Almorsy, Grundy Muller, 2016). Solution: The problem can be resolved by implementing redundancy with the help of proper data centers with the help of single provider. Improper security management: Security control such as authorization, authentication as well as identity management requires both private as well as public cloud (Sanaei et al., 2014). Solution: For integrating the hybrid cloud, it is analyzed that there are two options, which include replicating control or keeping proper data synchronization, which helps in providing single service to the system. Poor Compliance: Hybrid cloud needs much more diligence in context to compliance (Wei et al., 2014). It is analyzed that maintenance as well as demonstration of compliance is very much difficult with the hybrid model. Solution: The clouds must helps in meeting proper industry standards for proper data security while handling proper sensitive data. Description of the general information security steps as well as controls that is recommended to the board for securing the Hybrid Cloud The general security steps include: Adequate security risk assessment: The problem can be resolved by utilizing proper rigorous risk prevention as well as assessment (Assunao et al., 2015). It can also provided with the help of log monitoring. This helps in mitigating the challenges that occur due to prevention of network administration from determining intrusion. Proper security Management: Proper security management is provided by replicating the control to both the clouds as well as by maintaining the in-house data storage for sensitive data (Tao et al., 2014). This helps in resolving the problems that arises due to improper security management. Proper data Redundancy: The redundancy must be implemented by using multiple data centers in order to resolve the risk that generally rises due to lack of redundancy (Toosi et al., 2014). It also helps in mitigating the proper that occurs due to outrage in one of the data centers. Recommendation for adoption in SoftArc Engineerings BCP because of their adoption of a Hybrid Cloud approach The recommendations for adoption of hybrid cloud approach include: Application of resilience: Application of resilience is the ability that helps in resuming normal execution after errors in various distributed environments. This feature is also absent in Web infrastructures. Backup: The data can be back up with the help of hybrid cloud strategy, which is considered as one of the main advantage (Avram, 2014). The organization can backup any data they they have deleted. The facility of backup data is very much advantageous. Disaster Recovery: With the adoption of hybrid cloud approach the organization can recover data very easily (Lian, Yen and Wang, 2014). Earlier with the help of web infrastructure, it is impossible for the organization to recover those data that they have lost. However, with the adoption of hybrid data they can recover each and every information. Discussion of the requirements that SoftArc Engineering needs to consider The requirements of SoftArc Engineering in order to conduct the following in context to PaaS and IaaS instances include: Remote Server administration: The requirements that are needed for conducting remote sensor administration include analyzing the system appropriate, proper understanding of system as well as proper administration (Botta et al., 2016). The remote server administration helps in setting up the system very fast, easier maintenance and it does not put much strain on budgets. The tool of remote sensor administration assists in managing features, roles as well as role services. Resource management: The requirements that the organization needs in order to consider the resource management in context to proposed IaaS and PaaS include ensuring proper availability of resources, optimizing time, effort as well as money, responding to the changes of the project and tracking resource utilization properly (Kern, 2014). Proper resource management with the help of proposed IaaS and PaaS include fast access to information, simple use experience as well as helps in providing current information to the SoftArc Engineering company. SLA management: The requirement that SoftArc Engineering have to consider while conducting service level agreement includes responsibilities of SP as well as customer, service pricing as well as discounting strategies, reporting to the customer, information about service description as well as Qos Commitments (Oliveira, Thomas Espadanal, 2014). It is analyzed that all this information are useful for conducting SLA management in the organization as it help in providing proper alignment between IT investments as well as business goals which is helpful in improving both revenues as well as profit margins. Move of SharePoint instance to AWS cloud Discussion of the steps that is included in the plan for migrating the services The steps that are required for migration of the SharePoint instance and the SQL server database to AWS cloud include: Proper plan for migration: Proper planning must be made before migrating both the SharePoint as well as SQL server (Botta et al., 2014). This includes defining scope of the project with proper timelines as well as resources. Creating proper information architecture plan: Proper information architecture plan must be created which includes appropriate features like customization, permission as well as taxonomy with other LOB applications. Understanding customization as well as integration: Customization as well as integration with other systems plays a great role in migrating the plan, as these are the two approaches that require much time as well as effort (Sultan, 2014). Creating migration test plan: Proper migration test plan must be created by incorporating the variables that include custom code, custom list templates, custom site templates, custom web parts as well as feature mapping. Migrating the Content: Both the SharePoint content as well as the content of the SQL server must be migrated as per the target as well as source. It is analyzed that the outputs as well as analysis and planning phase become inputs for the phase of migration execution (Avram, 2014). Microsoft Upgrade approach: This step helps in allowing the databases to be attached to a newly SharePoint for upgrading it in the new environment. Migration with the help of third party products: The organization needs freedom for migrating the content for migrating the content at a granular level (Lian, Yen and Wang, 2014). The migration approaches must investigate the possibility by utilizing third party for the SQL migration as well as SharePoint. Migration verification: Once migration is completed, then the migration procedure is verified with the content of the new environment.Discussion of the critical points as well as issues with explanation that can see occurring at each of the steps The issues include: Plan for migration: The identified task in the planning phase is analyzed for complexities as well as dependencies, which are mainly executed in the migration phase (Avram, 2014). This is considered as one of the important issue. Creating information architecture plan: Sometimes the information architecture plan is not planned properly and as a result, key areas are not handled properly. Understanding customization and integration: It is quite important to understand both integration as well as customization as it causes problems in transforming data during migration procedure. Creating migration test: If the test is not conducted properly then number of risks related with the new environment arises (Kern, 2014). It does not also allow individuals to test the migrated data before it is accepted as production data. Migrating content: If the content is not migrated properly, then it causes problems number of problems or risks which include rebranding, improper migration, inappropriate validation and more. Microsoft attaches upgrade approach: It raises problems, which leads to ineffective migration within that specific database (Botta et al., 2014). Migration verification: If the verification procedure is not conducted appropriately then it is very much difficult to migrate content in the new environment. Conclusion It can be concluded that implementation of cloud computing is very much advantageous for SoftArc Engineering company. Due to the adoption of cloud infrastructure, the organization is able to close the data centre of Brisbane rather replacing the older infrastructure. It also helps in enhancing both flexibility as well as availability of data within the organization. It is analyzed that cloud adoption also have several challenges which must be resolved properly so that the company can be easily achieve its goals and objectives. References Almorsy, M., Grundy, J., Mller, I. (2016). An analysis of the cloud computing security problem.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107. Assuno, M. D., Calheiros, R. N., Bianchi, S., Netto, M. A., Buyya, R. (2015). Big Data computing and clouds: Trends and future directions.Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,79, 3-15. Avram, M.G., 2014. Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia Technology,12, pp.529-534. Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., Pescap, A. (2014, August). On the integration of cloud computing and internet of things. InFuture Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 23-30). IEEE. Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., Pescap, A. (2016). Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,56, 684-700. Dinh, H. T., Lee, C., Niyato, D., Wang, P. (2013). A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), 1587-1611. Ercolani, G. (2013). Cloud Computing Services Potential Analysis. An integrated model for evaluating Software as a Service.Cloud Computing, 77-80. Kern, R. (2014). Introduction. InDynamic Quality Management for Cloud Labor Services(pp. 3-7). Springer International Publishing. Lian, J.W., Yen, D.C. and Wang, Y.T., 2014. An exploratory study to understand the critical factors affecting the decision to adopt cloud computing in Taiwan hospital.International Journal of Information Management,34(1), pp.28-36. Oliveira, T., Thomas, M., Espadanal, M. (2014). Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors.Information Management,51(5), 497-510. Sanaei, Z., Abolfazli, S., Gani, A., Buyya, R. (2014). Heterogeneity in mobile cloud computing: taxonomy and open challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), 369-392. Sultan, N. (2014). Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 177-184. Tao, F., Cheng, Y., Da Xu, L., Zhang, L., Li, B. H. (2014). CCIoT-CMfg: cloud computing and internet of things-based cloud manufacturing service system.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,10(2), 1435-1442. Toosi, A. N., Calheiros, R. N., Buyya, R. (2014). Interconnected cloud computing environments: Challenges, taxonomy, and survey.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),47(1), 7. Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y., Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, 371-386.

Edgar Allan Poe Essays (2764 words) - Edgar Allan Poe, Literature

Edgar Allan Poe For some class on some date with some professor The Influence of Family and Friends on Poe Over the course of Poe's forty year stay on Earth, he was exposed early to several key people who would have a profound impact on his writings. Though this idea in and of itself is not uncommon in literature, for Poe it went far beyond being merely influenced. Beginning at age 3 when he lost his parents, Poe was subjected to a difficult life that would later play heavily in his works. Between his foster father (John Allan), his first love (Sarah Elmis Royster) and his young first wife (Virginia Cleem), Poe's contacts largely dictated his works. How was it that such an obviously brilliant individual like Poe allowed himself to be mentally manipulated by these people? To answer this question, it is necessary to take a step back and first get a little background. Edgar Allen Poe was born on January 19, 1809 to two struggling actors, David and Elizabeth Poe. When his father died at the age of 36, Edgar was left alone with his pregnant mother. He traveled with his mother and sister from theater to theater, often sleeping backstage. When his mother died of tuberculosis on December 11, 1811 at the young age of 24, Edgar and his sister, Rosalie, were orphaned. Edgar was only two years old. His sister was sent to live with a Mrs. Mackenzie when she was one, Edgar went to live with John and Frances Allen. Edgar's older brother William, was already living with their grandfather, David Poe, Sr., because at the time of his birth, David and Elizabeth could not afford to care for him. Edgar moved to Richmond, Virginia with the Allan's, where he had many luxuries that he had never had before. He had his own bedroom in the apartment above John Allen's store, Ellis & Allen, and even servants to help him wash before bed and put away his clothes. Growing up, Edgar never got along with his foster father, often arguing with him, and rarely showing any affection. John Allen once even described his son as "miserable, sulky, and ill-tempered". There was also the matter of Edgar's alcoholism, which brought shame upon his foster family and friends. Even his beloved first fiancee Sarah Elmira Royster, eventually refused to see him, because of his drinking habits. One night after a particularly bitter argument with Mr. Allen, he decided to leave his home and go to Boston. Boston was only the short term answer and soon Poe was disillusioned with the city. After an unpleasant month in Boston, Edgar was once again on the road. After having a few poems published and withdrawing from a military academy he eventually wound up in Baltimore, Maryland, penniless. He soon found that his relatives there were as poor as he was. Even so, they welcomed him into their homes and hearts. He stayed for a while in the home of his aunt, Maria Clemm. Also living with Mrs. Clemm were her two children, Henry, 13, and Virginia; Poe's cousin and future wife. In addition, his paralyzed grandmother and his dying brother William, 24 also resided there. He tried unsuccessfully to get a job at several newspapers, before seeing a contest for the best short story in the local paper. Being rather poor, Poe proceeded writing short stories in attempt to win the $100 winners' prize. Even though he did not win the $100 for his efforts, Poe did have some of the stories published in the years to come, but he never had anything to show for it , because the newspaper did not give him credit for writing the stories. Poe was offered a job back in Richmond, and he had to leave Baltimore(and worse, Virginia, with whom he had fallen in love) to take the job. He rapidly fell into depression while in Richmond over the absence of his beloved Virginia and was driven once again to drinking. . Poe's drinking had gotten out of hand and he was fired. He went back to Baltimore on the spot and asked for Virginia's hand in marriage. They got married a year later. Soon after he was wed, he was re-offered the job in Richmond, but only if he promised to never drink again. He promised to never let another sip of liquor pass his lips, and went to Richmond, this time taking Virginia and his aunt Maria. This would prove to be the high point of

Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Essays

Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Essays Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Paper Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Paper Richardson 1 Cody Richardson Mr. Payne Music Lit Troubadours The birth of troubadours resided in the rich culture of early 12th century France. They are considered by some to be the frontrunners of secular music. Many were persecuted and killed for their music by the Catholic Church. Troubadours carried the main theme of love in all of their songs. Songs consisting of many different kinds of love were played in courts and sometimes at public meetings. These songs always had to be appropriate for the courts that they were played. Troubadour music in some courts may have even been considered to be racy in current times. The songs helped to show the growing equalities amongst the classes. All troubadours had to show a massive understanding of the intricacies and interworking of the female mind in order to stay on the line of perversion, without crossing it. Most troubadours came from rich courtly families, who were well educated in Catholic schools. The troubadours were groundbreaking individuals who had to persevere through persecution of religious groups, class, and finding a place in their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). A troubadour was not merely a musician who played other musicians music. They were well versed in the music advances of their time. Troubadours were able to write their own music and compose their own songs. The most highly noted troubadours would only Richardson 2 play for small groups of people, usually in courts. Many of these well-established troubadours would never play for public events. Instead they would allow other musicians to play their music in their place. Not all troubadours were in the same class of wealth. The type of payment received was decided by the amount of money a certain troubadour already possessed. Some independently wealthy troubadours only wanted fame and women as their rewards for singing in the courts. Others helped to spread the fame of a wealthier troubadour by traveling to other courts and playing their music for them. In return the poorer troubadours would receive funds, that one-day might allow them to climb the latter of success. There were also those troubadours who just wanted to play to gain love of a woman. To help them in their endeavors, many troubadours hired assistants called jongleurs (Jinright 1). Jongleurs helped troubadours perform their music. Having many different skills in all areas of performing allowed them to fill in wherever they were needed. Jongleurs had skills outside of just playing music and singing. Most jongleurs were well versed in skills such as juggling or dancing. Jongleurs created the raw materials for the troubadours to sculpt and use to create their songs. They were used to make up all the missing pieces that a show needed. Jongleurs were known to travel across countries from France to England for the opportunity to play a part in a troubadour’s performance. These traveling performers were the less educated, mainly lower class musicians, trying to make a living. Although some jongleurs possessed a considerable amount skill, they were never compared to the skills of the troubadour in charge of the show. Many times the skills of Richardson 3 jongleurs were overlooked or credited to the troubadour they were working under (Cheyette 78-86). Many troubadours came about due to the direct education of the Catholic Church. Catholic schools helped to teach and sculpt rich courtly children into having the power to create secular music. As troubadours began to flourish, Catholic churches began to feel attacked by their music. Many Catholic schools started screening their applicants to try and reduce the amount of troubadours that would be educated through catholic schools. Around 1209, after failed attempts by many Catholic institutions were made to convert nobility and their troubadours, a war began. The Catholic Church believed that secular music about love was a great sin that needed to be dealt with. After Simon of Montfort crushed the first poorly organized resistance of nobles, many troubadours fled and some decided to stay and fight as part of the Occitanian resistance. In 1216 the resistance defeated Simon and sent him home. Over one hundred years later the Pope decided to send inquisitors in to France, as a response to Simon of Montfort’s loss. This second effort was successful in ending the resistance. Many troubadours were burned alive and others were imprisoned (Jinright 1). Even after the major rise and fall of the troubadours, their ideas lived on through their music. They were the revolutionary thinkers of their time. Troubadours brought new ideas to the way of thinking in many different areas of life. Troubadours were able to express their views on both love and war. They were not afraid to express even the most erotic details of love or talk of epic battles, full of knightly honor. The lords and ladies of Richardson 4 medieval noble houses got bored with listening to work created in monasteries. The people of the time became more interested in music that told stories. Songs were created by the finest troubadours try and let citizens know about the crusades. Almost all songs talked of the victories won by fellow citizens who had ventured off to join the crusades. Their stories became similar to movies of our day about love and war. The songs gave young men and women ideal examples of how to treat each other. Knights heard these songs sung and tried to model their lives after the heroes from the stories. Some believe troubadours created the act of chivalry with their music. Chivalry is one of the only legacies still living left by the troubadours (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). Chivalry is one thing the troubadours gave to society that can never be taken away by time. The Catholic Church had a big role in killing many other parts of the troubadour’s legacy almost completely. Much of the songs created in medieval times were lost do to the teachings of the Catholic Church. The church taught that only religious songs could be written down and saved. Troubadours had to memorize all of their songs they created in order to have anything to play. Making it more difficult for any artist to prosper, who was trying to create secular music. This made for the creation of much easier songs that could be remembered with just listening. The songs were very simple and usually sung with a single melodic line. The troubadours composed their music by joining a single note of music with a single syllable of text. Sometimes they would add in many notes bring sung to a single syllable of text.. Troubadour’s songs form was often very free flowing. Some songs could be strophic in form as well. The church also taught that God did not want composers Richardson 5 to take credit for their songs. No single troubadour could own his or her own songs because they did not have the ability to write them down. If a troubadour heard another artist’s song, they must simply be able to remember it and then go sing it. The rules of the Catholic Church made it impossible for most of the troubadour’s songs to be saved. Most of the footprints left by the troubadours can be seen through the careful study of how their music affected the society of their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). The change from a Catholic Church dominated society to a free thinking more secular society was brought on strongly by the troubadours. They created revolutionary thoughts that spread against the Catholic way of thinking, every time they performed. They changed music forever in ways that were felt much later down the road. Chivalry is seen and practiced in every country around the world. Troubadour’s songs of love and war have been translated into movies. Movies about true love and about treating women a certain way, are produced every year. Action movies are produced showing courage and giving examples of great heroes. They all serve the same purpose as the songs did for the people of the medieval era. It allows people to imagine themselves as characters in the story and strive to be more like them one day. Most of today’s society probably does not know how its entertainment originated. It came from the revolutionary thinkers of the medieval times. They defied the church and created their own way of life. Many troubadours paid for these songs of revolution with their lives. Although there music is lost, their contributions to society will never be forgotten (Jinright 1).

Puerto Rico's Underground Economy And Tax System Essay

Puerto Rico's Underground Economy And Tax System - Essay Example These rules also cover the condition in using US flagships as well as the minimum wage standard. Income coming from other U.S. possessions or Puerto Rico is generally considered as foreign-source income. On the other hand, entities which are instituted other U.S. possessions or Puerto Rico, are usually considered as foreign persons. Special Tax Rules Related to Puerto RicoAs a consequence of the hybrid domestic-foreign conduct of individuals in Puerto Rico, the common ideology of U.S. taxation are qualified by numerous particular rules pertinent to U.S. citizens and inhabitants of, and U.S. persons who are conducting business in the said territory.Other rules, on the other hand, are intended to put off U.S. Federal tax laws from opposing tax incentives applied by Puerto Rico to draw investors. The United States has also placed in tax incentives to help Puerto Rico when it comes to acquiring employment producing investments particularly from companies in the US. The demand for these p articular tax incentives could be traced in part, to the extra costs placed on investing in Puerto Rico mainly since it holds such status as a U.S. possession. When taking into account the earlier U.S. law, definite domestic corporations with operations in U.S. possessions could vote for under Code section 936 to commonly do away with the U.S. tax, which also includes the alternative minimum tax, on particular foreign source income which was associated with their processes in the specified regions.

Final research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final research - Essay Example In the opening line of Tomson’s play â€Å"The Rez Sisters†, the character Pelajia says, â€Å"Philomena, I want to go to Toronto†. Pelajia is a Native girl; a reservation resident who immediately pulls audiences into the story because it’s clear she wants to leave her life on the reservation in favour of the multicultural, urban existence of Toronto. Tomson, a Native himself, understands how the pull of the great urban multicultural centre can take a young Native out of his or her home; primarily he understands that this is because many Natives feel segregated and essentially sidelined to life itself, and to cultural awareness and individual expression. This is one of many ways that Tomson has decided to explore and write about Canada as a multicultural nation: his idea of this idealistic notion is basically positive but in this play he pays tribute to the fact that many people, although integral parts of the nation’s multicultural society, feel le ft out of Canadian culture and lifestyle on the whole and seek to explore multiculturalism from their own perspective. â€Å"On the Rez† is ambiguous in that it clearly represents a multicultural nation but it also represents a segregated part of society that often has little recourse to the ethnic differences of an entire nation of people. The multicultural Canada theme continues into Tomson’s other works, most markedly in â€Å"Kiss of the Fur Queen† and â€Å"My Canada†. The first is a story that follows Native boys during their enrolment at a reservation school in Manitoba. Aside from using the major themes of child abuse and segregation, this story also touches on the theme of a multicultural Canada. Instead of showing the idealistic side of a multicultural society, â€Å"Kiss of the Fur Queen† actually delves into the darker side of Canadian history and portrays how people originally dealt with cultures that were

(Technology Supporting Business Processes 1) Assignment

(Technology Supporting Business Processes 1) - Assignment Example To begin with, management of business usually requires efficient collection and allocation of information. Through the use of information system this process has been made more efficient. Reason being, it has facilitated speedy transfer of information among different level of management. This has to a great extent minimized costs associated with meetings. Moreover, the information system has enhanced sharing of information amongst employees of an organization; this has been made possible through storing files at a central point accessible to certain employees. Consequently, the business becomes more competitive. (Markgraf & Media, 2010) The management process of a business is usually dependant on the information in hand. Through the use of information systems business can get up to date information about their markets; consumers; and competitors. Consequently, it makes the business to be more efficient and competitive. As an illustration, sales information provides an overview of what consumers are really purchasing. For this reason, business will stock and manufacture products that are in great demand. This minimizes loses making the business profitable. (Markgraf & Media, 2010) Most of the businesses require record keeping. This is usually meant to monitor performance of the business in all its sectors (production, marketing, etc). The information system provides an efficient and cheap platform to do so. As an illustration, a business information system has the ability to store communication and financial records; modification histories; and performance data. The information stored can be useful in a number of ways; for instance: estimating costs and analyzing performance of a business. (Bocij & Chaffey, 2003) Markgraf, B., & Media, D. (2010). Importance of Information System in an Organization. Retrieved July Thursday, 2014, from Chron:

Dissociative Identity Disorder Case Study for Interventions

Dissociative Identity Disorder Case Study for Interventions Elizabeth Flores STUDY Claireese Jones is a 16 year old African America teenager living in Harlem, New York. She is the only child of Mary Jones. Claireese has two children, one boy and one girl. Claireese daughter, Mango, is four years old and is diagnosed with Down syndrome but lives with Claireese grandmother. Her youngest son, Abdul is eight months old. Claireese is attending, Each One, Teach one, Alternative School and is currently in the eight grade. She is currently not working. B. Setting Harlem’s Women Center is a shelter for women who have children and were physically or mentally abuse. They work with women to reduce the physical, psychological and emotional trauma and the recurrence of domestic violence, sexual assault and incest experience by many of their clients. They work to secure their physical, emotional well being, individual freedom and economic equality. The agency offers counseling, legal services, childcare services, parenting classes, support groups and job readiness and job placement for their clients. The agency receive 97% of their revenues from government grants. C. Reason for referral Claireese was referred because she was recently homeless and was placed in a halfway house. She was referred by Ms. Rain, her teacher, who reported that she found Claireese in school, sleeping with her 3 day old son because her mother tried to kill her when she return home from the hospital. Claireese needs various services so she can eventually get her own place and support her children independently. She will need daycare services, so she can still continue to attend school, and earn her high school diploma. The social worker from the Welfare department reported that Claireese needs counseling to address experiences that were traumatic to her life. She will need extensive counseling. She needs to learn how to manage and care for her well being since she is already overweight and possible future health issues she will encounter in the future because of her diagnosis of HIV. Claireese has also experience episodes of blanking out and daydreaming. D. Description and Functioning of Client Claireese is considered overweight for her age. Her clothes are clean and she is always wearing cosmetic jewelry to match her outfits. She has her hair done and wears it differently. She can be verbal and nonverbal when talking to her at times. Client seems to be daydreaming when we discussed certain events in her life. She uses a lot of inappropriate language to describe how she feels. E. Physical and economic environment Claireese lives in a halfway house with her two children in Harlem, New York located in Manhattan. She receives a stipend while she attends school. She is also on welfare where she receives cash assistance and food stamps. She attends, Each One Teach One, Alternative school, Monday through Friday, in the day time. F. Current Social Functioning (as reported by parents/caregivers or child/teen or obtained from written reports) Claireese is estranged from her mother due to her abusive behavior towards her and her children. She has not seen her father since he last raped her, which is before she was pregnant. She knows that her grandmother would like to help her but is aware that she is also afraid of Mary. Client’s daughter, Mango, lived with great grandmother so client can attend school. Mary blames Claireese for being raped by her father and even accuses Claireese of stealing Marys boyfriend. Mary told her she is fat because she eats too much. Her mother never encourage her to attend school and told her it was a waste of time. Her mother is always telling Claireese, she is too stupid to learn anything. Claireese reported she never had a boyfriend but wish that she can have one in the future even though she feels she is too ugly and fat. She had two pregnancies that occur from her being raped by her father. Claireese is a currently attending Each one, Teach One, alternative school, pursuing her High school Diploma so she can teach her children something. The client’s teacher, Ms. Rain, motivated Claireese to want read and write by encouraging her to do her best. She was surprised by her success in her ability to read and that she was actually beginning to write. Her sense of personal competence is in development; she states that she did not think that she was very smart, but that her class work and successes are changing that opinion of herself. She is grateful for having John, Ms. Rain, her friends for their support and encouragement. She never thought that there would people who would really care for her. The client’s primary social supports are her peers and her teacher in the school. G. Personal and family history relevant to focus of assessment Claireese was sexually abuse since the age of three by her biological father, which produced two children. She has also been mentally and physically abuse by her mother. There is also a possibility of sexual abuse by her mother. Claireese just recently learned that she contracted the HIV disease from her father who recently died of the disease. Claireese grandmother took cared of Mongo, so Claireese can go to school and Mary can still collect welfare based on fraud. Claireese has always depended on her mother up to now, even though moms have lived off of Claireese’s welfare check. ASSESSMENT Psychological functioning Intellectual functioning- Client was not able to read or write but express interest in Math. Since attending the alternative school, client has been able to improve her reading and writing skills. Reality testing- Poor, client seems to suffer from delusions. Whenever the client is dealing with stressful experiences, she is not listening and seems to be out of tune at the moment. She explains that she daydreams and imagines that she is someone else living a different lifestyle. She is not aware what is happening to her at the time of incident. She also images that the pictures in her photo album talks to her. Coherence – Unimpaired, despite the client having delusions and has an imagination she can maintain on task whenever she is not dealing with stressful events. Impulse control-Good, Client tries to control her behavior by not getting herself in any more trouble than she has to. She has gotten herself transfer from her old school not only because of her being pregnant again because she threaten the principal. Judgment- Good; client have been able to make good judgments. She continues to go to school, so she can teach her children and earn her diploma. Memory/recall- Poor: she can recall some but not all information that pertains to her traumatic experiences and whenever she addresses those experiences she goes into her fantasies. Coping style- Poor; Client has never been able to deal with her traumatic experiences in a healthy way, even though she uses her imagination to forget what happened. Defense mechanisms: Poor: Client daydreams and uses her imagination as a way to cope with stressful experiences. Insight- Poor; Client has no idea how her traumatic experiences contributes to her mental issues. Self-Perception-Fair; client has the confidence that she needs to complete school and even with her illness she is confident she can still provide for her children. Emotional Functioning Ability to express feelings- Good, she is able to express how she feels. Rage of emotions-unimpaired: Client can express herself if she is more open to talking about how she feels. Once she sees that people care for her she can discuss how she is feeling. Appropriate of affects-Impaired; Client seems to avoid talking about specific events, she will change the topic so the focus is not on her. This may be the client way of denying what happen. Predominant mood- Poor; Client is depress and sad. Social/behavior functioning 1. Ability to form relationships – Unimpaired; client demonstrates an ability to form relationships as evidenced by her ability to develop friendships with peers in her school. She also developed a friendship with one of the male nurses at the hospital. 2. Social skills/social competence – Poor; client demonstrates a lack of social skills. 3. Overall role performance – Improving; client’s role as mother is improving, she is now taking care of both her children and continues to attend school. Her role as a student is great; she continues to improve her grade level reading. She went from reading at a second grade level to an eighth grade level. 4. Other functional behaviors, if appropriate – Good; client has developed relationships through her school. Client has no other friends other than school. D. Environmental issues and constraints affecting the situation. 1. Family – Poor; family is not supportive; mother is emotionally unstable and abusive towards Claireese. Her grandmother is too afraid of Mary, so she would not be able to assist Claireese. 2. Agency – Great; this agency is able to provide significant support in providing necessary services that Claireese needs. She has the availability of a daycare, so she can continue her education. She will receive housing assistance, so she can transition from the halfway house into her own place. 3. Community – Moderate; client’s neighborhood provides affordable housing and it is near public transportation and the school that she attends. 5. Physical Constraints, if appropriate – Poor; client recently discovered she is HIV positive and future health concerns associated with the illness will become a problem for her. 6. Economic Constraints, if appropriate – Fair; client has limited income from TANF and food stamps and she is currently living in a half way house. E. Motivation and commitment to services Claireese is very motivated in continuing her education. She wants to get her High School diploma. She wants to be able to learn how to read and write. She feels that if she continues to learns how to read and write, she can teach her children. Despite the fact that she has HIV, she clearly feels she still can be successful and do for her children, what her mother didnt do for her. She wants to prove to her mother that she is wrong. Her motivation is influence by her wanting a better future for her children. F. workers understanding of clients presenting situation/problem (person-in-environment) Client seems to be experiencing symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder. These symptoms include flashback, amnesia and emotional numbness. When dealing with stress, client escapes reality by daydreaming. She may have developed this disorder due to her traumatic experiences, starting with her being raped by her father. Whenever the client experience stressful events, she has fantasies about her being famous and being someone else, she even sees herself as a white blond girl. Client has no control over her daydreaming. She seems to not remember how she was first raped. Psychoanalytic theory help explains that client’s problems can be associated with painful childhood experiences that can sometimes be repressed. These repressed memories can shape the clients feelings, thoughts and behavior. These repress memories can be seen as defense mechanism (Robbins, Chatterjee, Canda, 2012). The client uses her fantasies as a way of ignoring what is happening at the present time, which is not healthy as the client condition can worsen and create maladaptive behaviors. Client repressing these traumatic experiences may explain how the client coped with these experiences. It is important to look at Erickson’s stage theory because it recognizes the importance of a person’s social location and the interaction between other individuals rather than just the family system. (Berzoff et al., 2011). Since, the client family system is not the strongest support system, the school staff and students are important people that provides positive feedback to the client. This will help the client learn to establish positive future relationships. Strengths Perspective is an approach to understanding the client in terms of her strengths, abilities, motivations, knowledge and available resources. (Guo Tsui, 2010) These qualities help the client the ability to solve their problems. This also can give you an idea how the client, who experienced many events in her life, overcame these obstacles and continues to attend school. (Robbins et al., 2012) They also talk about the courage an individual may have. She had the courage to confront her mother and finally leave the house in order to protect her children. Strengths Perspective focuses on the social environment as having many resources that can help individuals overcome obstacles. People have the ability to learn, grow and change. Client has the abilities to continue to grow so she can provide for her children. References Berzoff, J., Flanagan, L. M., Hertz, P. (2011). Inside Out And Outside In (3rd ed.). Maryland: Rowman Littlefield. Robbins, S., Chatterjee, P., Canda, E. (2012). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Guo, W., Tsui, M. (2010). From resilience to resistance: A reconstruction of the strengths perspective in social work practice. International Social Work, 53(2) , 233-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809355391

The New York Crystal Palace Essay -- Architecture History

Missing image The New York Crystal Palace: The End of an Era So bursts a bubble rather noteworthy in the annals of New York. To be accurate, the bubble burst some years ago, and this catastrophe merely annihilates the apparatus that generated it. -George Templeton Strong It is unfortunate that the wonderful lithographs in our collection which depict the burning of the New York Crystal Palace are not in this online exhibition. They include a color lithograph by Currier & Ives which truly captures the excitement and confusion of that fateful night. However, the bird's eye view of the New York Crystal Palace exhibited here does justice to this amazing structure. The lithograph by Frank Leslie shows the extensive use of glass panes for which both the London and New York Crystal Palaces were given their names. It also shows the throngs of people that must have visited the New York Crystal Palace during the Exhibition, even though they were not numerous enough to make the building profitable for investors. The lithograph duplicated on this web site is about 20 x 13 inches. One is able to see the details much more clearly by viewing the original itself. As opposed to those lithographs which showed only a building with no background and no people, this image shows not only the city behind the Palace, but also the city within the Palace. In the background, one can see the various modes of transportation that visitors must have used to get to the Exhibition. The railroad runs across the top of the image, with a train in the upper left. Sailboats and steamboats move along the river, and horse-drawn carriages pull up to the front gates, unloading passengers into the crowd. The buildings behind the Palace fade away, but t... ...nd 2,000 people were in the building, but they were all evacuated in time by a heroic fire department that put saving life ahead of saving merchandise. Having been constructed almost entirely of iron and glass, with only a little wood near its base, and having been called "fireproof" at the time of its construction, the Palace faced the same sort of irony which the "unsinkable" Titanic faced in 1912. The enormous building burnt to the ground in less than half an hour. The building itself, though no longer standing, remains one of America's first and most interesting examples of glass and iron architecture. The exhibits of industrial and artistic objects, whether huge steam-powered machines, intricately decorated home furnishings, or marble statues, attested to the high degree of invention and skill that characterized the artistic expressions of ante-bellum culture.

Electronic Patient Scheduling System

All potential stakeholders and/or users will give input regarding which software they feel will best suit the clinic's needs. Constraints: The scheduling system must update on all department computers after any new entry has been made. The system must be operational by December 20th, 013. The system must know average appointment times for all types of visits to avoid over booking patients. The system must alert users of cancellations or changes so 3. Perform fact-finding: Analyze the organizational chart of the clinic to determine stakeholders and/or users. Interview receptionists, nurses, doctors and assistants.Review the current paper patient appointment scheduling method. Observe the clinics operations for a day. Survey receptionists, doctors, nurses and assistants on what expectations they may have for an electronic patient appointment scheduling system. Identify the costs of the new electronic system. . Study usability, cost, benefit and schedule data: Analyze the interview info rmation. Analyze the user surveys. Analyze observation notes to highlight key facts. Compare cost data. 5. Evaluate feasibility Operational Feasibility: Will the clinic users be able to effectively use the new system?Will extra training be needed for computer and software use? The IT department will work with all users through hands on training to make sure that everyone understands the new system. Technical Feasibility: Does the clinic have the necessary software, hardware, equipment and networking resources available for the new system? Does the current system need to be upgraded to handle the change effectively? Heartfelt will upgrade their current computers. Networking resources are currently in place and new software will be purchased.Economic Feasibility: Can the clinic afford the new patient appointment scheduling software? Can the clinic afford training for the users? Can the clinic afford new equipment if needed? The clinic has been diligent in staying within the allotted b udget. Training and software will be purchased once all measures have been set in place. Schedule Feasibility: Can the clinic stakeholders' timeline of December 20th, 2013 be met? . Present recommendations to management: I will prepare a written preliminary investigation report and present all of my findings to the clinic stakeholders.Some items to be included: Introduction-overview of the report; Systems Request Summary-basis of the systems request; Findings-results of preliminary investigation and Time and Cost Estimates-cost of acquiring and installing the new system and total cost of ownership during the life of the system. Systems Review: The current patient appointment scheduling system at Heartfelt Clinic is paper based. The clinic started out as a small clinic, but it is centrally located nd has since grown tremendously.

How to Survive Your Group Interview

How to Survive Your Group Interview These days, companies are all about efficiency. And sometimes, unfortunately, that leads to a Hunger Games-ish approach to hiring, where multiple people are brought in for a single position interview. Let’s face it- unless you’re truly at ease in front of a group of people talking about yourself, this kind of job interview can feel about the same as that nightmare where you’re sitting in school, and keep getting flubbing answers in front of the entire class. It doesn’t have to be that way- let’s look at ways to tackle the group interview process (either with a crew of fellow interviewees or a panel of interviewers) so that you’re looking good and increasing your chances for getting to the next round.The Panel Interview (a.k.a. The Firing Squad)When you walk into a job interview room and multiple people from the company are already there, your resume in front of them, lined up like the Supreme Court waiting to interrogate your fitness for the job, it can be intimidating. As a rule, one-on-one interactions are easiest for us to handle. This panel interview adds a number of dynamics: different personalities, different expectations, possibly different levels of involvement in the job you’re seeking. That’s a lot of navigate without warning (or at least without knowing ahead of time what the interviewers would be like). Let’s look at some top strategies for dealing with the panel interview.1. Don’t show fear.It’s true in the animal kingdom, and it’s true on the job hunt. When you walk into the room, whether you expected to be greeted by a panel or not, don’t be intimidated. Fall back on the interview skills you’ve been practicing. (You have been practicing those, right?)Make eye contact as you walk in the room.Shake hands like a boss.Don’t slouch! Keep your posture straight, but not too rigid. You want to look confident, not stiff.2. Learn and use the panel membe r’s names.Make sure you know the names of each of the people interviewing you, and be sure to address them by name throughout. It’s a nice personal touch, and shows you’ve been paying attention. â€Å"Mike, that’s a great question. In my experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Linda, I’m glad you asked that. At my previous job†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It gives a more conversational tone to the interview, and makes it feel more like a give-and-take instead of a firing squad.3. Make sure you know what each person does, and roughly why they’re in the room.Chances are, each person is there because they’re invested in this job opening somehow. Maybe the role has two managers, and a Human Resources rep is there to facilitate. Perhaps the person who holds the job you’re applying for works with multiple departments, and they want reps from each department to feel comfortable about the hiring choice. Whatever the case may be, it helps if (when you learn the names) you also make note of each person’s role. If it’s not made clear, it’s okay to ask. â€Å"Linda, can you tell me more about how your team works with the person in this role?† Again, it’s better to make this an engaging conversation.You can take notes to make sure you have everyone straight, but keep them brief, and don’t spend much time writing and breaking eye contact.4. Don’t focus too much on any one person.Obviously, when someone asks you a direct question, you’d want to start by making eye contact and launching into your answer. However, try to move back and broaden the answer so that it feels like you’re talking to all of them. Vary your eye contact, and make sure you’re addressing each person at some point.A trick you can use while answering questions: call back to other points, if they’re relevant. â€Å"†¦And that’s the biggest challenge I faced in my last job. To Mikeâ€⠄¢s point earlier, it’s a situation that helped me grow professionally.†5. Answer questions like you would for any other job interview.Odds are, the questions themselves won’t be different in a panel interview- just the format is different. So you can expect to field the same kinds of questions you were already prepared to face (experience, anecdotes, skills). Stick to that gameplan! It’s just a matter of balancing that same conversation between a few different people.6. Get everyone’s contact info.It may be that you only dealt with Jeff from HR previously, but you’ll need to send individual follow-up thank you notes to everyone who met with you. At the end, it’s a good idea to ask for everyone’s business card- or if they don’t have those, be sure to get at least an email address. â€Å"Jeff, would you be able to send me the contact information for everyone in this meeting?†The most important part of a panel interv iew is keeping your cool, and your confidence up. You’re already prepared for an interview, so you don’t need to be thrown by the fact that there are more people to talk to. Whether it’s one person or four, remember: the focus is on you, your achievements, and your many qualifications for this job.The Group Interview (a.k.a. Interview Thunderdome)The other unusual group interview format you may encounter is the kind where you come for your interview, only to find several other candidates waiting in their own interview suits, arriving at the same time for the same interview appointment. This is not an uncommon interview format in early rounds, when companies are trying to narrow the applicant pool to the true candidates. It can also feel like walking into a gladiator competition. There’s only one job opening, but there are at least several of you. How do you make sure you come out on top?1. Enter confidently.Whether you expected the group format or it thre w you for a loop when you walked through the door, don’t let that show. Once it’s apparent that you’re all there for the same interview, embrace it. There’s no changing it now, so don’t show disappointment, dismay, or fear that your interview prep was for a different format, and ohmanwhatdoIdonow? Stay cool, keep your posture and your eye contact going.2. Make friends- really!You know the reality show clichà ©, â€Å"I’m not here to make friends?† Ignore that. You’re not here to expand your social circle- you have a job to get. But you don’t lose anything by being nice to the people who are in the same position, if you have a minute for small talk ahead of the interview. Worst case, you’ve broken the ice. Best case, you’ve made a new networking connection, regardless of whether either of you gets the job. You don’t need to cultivate the kind of relationship where you’re vacationing together o r arranging playdates with your kids, but being friendly is an easy way to help put yourself at ease. Shake hands, ask neutral questions, learn names. It’s worth the effort.3. Don’t be intimidating.Yes, only one of you can get the job. Yes, that means you have to eliminate the competition somehow. But being aggressive (talking over the other people), trying to run down others so you look better, or going for straight one-upmanship isn’t necessarily going to help you. And in fact it could hurt you, if the group interview format is a test to see how well you interact with others unexpectedly. Be on best behavior, and focus on the skills and experience that make you great for this job. Don’t worry about the others.4. Don’t be intimidated, either.Again, you want your confidence level to stay up. Focus on what you’ve practiced for your interview, because you’re still going to need those talking points and body language. The main difference is that you may have to think on your feet, and you may have to wait a bit longer than usual between questions, but this is still a job interview, and you know how to tackle this.5. Be yourself.Again, don’t worry about the others. You got this interview on your own merits, so stick with that and make sure you’re not stretching to be what you perceive the others to be.6. Speak up, but don’t talk over others.It’s not about who’s the loudest. You want to be memorable, and you should make sure that you’re being noticed, but don’t try to answer every question. And definitely don’t interrupt others, or insert yourself in their questions. You’ll get your turn, and you can focus on shining in your own speaking opportunities.7. Listen to everyone.It can be tempting to tune out everyone who’s Not You, but it’s important to listen to what everyone else is saying. It can help you gauge how the conversation is going, a nd what you should be highlighting in your own answers. You also want to make sure that you’re not just repeating what other people have said- you want your answers to be unique to you.8. Follow up.It’s especially important to tick off all the boxes when you’re directly up against other people. Get the interviewer’s contact information, and promptly follow up with your thank you note. This shows you’re On It, and this little bit of organization and effort can give you a nice boost coming out of the interview. If you didn’t expect the group interview format, don’t point that out in your note. Just keep it at a simple, â€Å"I really enjoyed the opportunity to talk with you and the others today. If there’s any other information I can fill in, or questions I can answer, please don’t hesitate to let me know.†Whether you’re facing a panel of interviewers or a squad of potential competitors, the most important th ing to keep in mind is that at heart, this is still the same old job interview. Keep doing what you’re doing- neat clothes, good body language, a solid roster of examples and talking points to bolster your resume- and you’ll be just fine.

angola crisis essays

angola crisis essays In past centuries, Angola was among the areas most-devastated by the slave trade. In recent decades, it has been afflicted with wars. However, in both eras, much of the violence was driven by powerful external forces. This is because Angola, with an abundance of oil and other resources, could develop into a very prosperous country if led and controlled by the right power. In 1975 Angola was released from colonialism by Portugal. This pivotal event in history sparked the beginning of a massive conflict between many of the key players in world power. These key players included the United States, Cuba, China, and the Soviet Union. After reading three separate accounts of the crisis in Angola (U.S. Senate hearings led by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a personal memoir by 1975 Assistant Secretary of State Nathaniel Davis, and a biography entitled In Search of Enemies: A CIA Story by John Stockwell), I have come to several conclusions. Although these three men all held important positions in the U.S. government, multiple contradictions exist in their chronologies of events. Of the discrepancies I found, all of them put Stockwell in opposition with Kissinger and Davis. I believe this is due to his position in the Central Intelligence Agency, where the greater availability of information was his advantage. Moreover, since all three accounts agree that the U.S. involvement was essentially a covert operation led by the CIA, I feel the account written by Stockwell was the most valid of the three. When looking at the differences in chronologies, it is necessary to start from the beginning of the conflict. The first difference I found dealt with CIA involvement in Angola. Stockwell, an experienced, senior CIA case officer (Stockwell, 31), marked early July 1974 as the start of CIA support. In July 1974 the CIA began funding Roberto without 40 committee approval, small amounts at first, but enough for ...

Pollution Control Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pollution Control Measures - Essay Example Consequently, this paper explores the merits of the three pollution control measures to establish the optimal pollution control measure that should be adopted by the countries. Discussion Benefits and marginal costs are compared to establish the amount of pollution that should be accepted in society. This is called the optimal pollution level, where the marginal social costs and marginal social benefits are equal. Similarly, the marginal cost of pollution damage and the marginal cost of pollution control are compared to establish when pollution control measures should be employed. Under this concept, pollution should be reduced if the benefits gained are higher than the control costs (Hoel, 1998). This is as demonstrated in the graphical representation below on the marginal cost of pollution damage versus the marginal cost of pollution control. Qmax in the graph above shows the maximum level of pollution that is expected when pollution control measures are not employed. Thus, the pol lution amount will drop from Qmax when the control policies are introduced in the market. On the other hand, MCD is the marginal cost of damage that is caused by pollution emissions. Similarly, MCC is the marginal cost of control that has the tendency of rising as the levels of pollution fall (Hoel, 1998). The optimal control level is represented by the Q* in the graph, where the MCD and MCC are equal. This is the level at which the pollution control cannot be exceeded since the benefits will be less than the marginal cost of undertaking the pollution control measure. This practice of balancing the marginal cost and benefit is known as the equimarginal principle (Hoel, 1998). Legal regulation is one of the pollution control measures employed by government agencies, which involves setting the emission standards for specific products or industries under the legislative guideline. The major advantage of legal regulation is that it specifies results compared to other control measures (W eyzig, 2009). Thus, it is possible to ensure that producers do not allow a risky level of pollutants. However, this control measure has the potential of experiencing inflexibility when the economic players are required to meet the same standard. This can only work where activities polluting the environment are same. Consequently, pollution tax is effective in an industry that has numerous and different plants. This will involve charging the plants by per unit of emission they make in their production activities. Taxation will be effective in controlling the level of emission since the plants operating in the market will consider reducing the pollution level provided the marginal cost is lower compared to the tax (Tucker, 2011). Under the taxation control measure, the Qmax of pollution before the pollution control measures are introduced will shift to Q1, as reflected in the graph below, when a pollution tax of T1 is introduced. This is because the manufacturers in the market will pr efer to lower their pollution level by undergoing a cost E shown in the graph, instead of paying a tax that is equal to F + E for these units as reflected in the graph above (Tucker, 2011). In addition, the manufacturers will be forced to pay a charge equivalent to B + D for the pollution level of Q1 they cause. This cost is lower than B+ D – E+ F that they will be required to pay if they do not reduce their pollution l

Methodology and appendix for How to successfully Market Sport Research Paper

Methodology and appendix for How to successfully Market Sport Nuitrition for Females in London - Research Paper Example In order to maintain good health status of children and adolescent youths in school based programs, strategies such as integration of school food services and nutrition education, regular training of the staff, family and community on matters related to importance of nutrition need to be followed to the later. The school based programs in most occasions contributes a lot in promoting lifelong healthy eating internationally. A recommended nutritional strategy contributes to prevention of pre-mature deaths in United States of America. The national health promotion and disease prevention objective in U.S.A encourages schools to provide nutrition learning from preschool to higher level. Various methods have been used to promote nutrition for females in U.S.A to improve the health status of the children and the adolescent youths (Levine & Zahradnik 2012, p.30) The purpose is to examine food advertising and marketing stations used to target U.S.A children and adolescent youths. Generally, the fundamental movement skills such as jumping, striking, catching among others forms the basis for future sports services growth and for life long enjoyment of physical activities among the females and the adolescents youths (Marcelo & Pihdo 2006). FMS identifies various stages of improvement of the fundamental movement skills. On the other hand, FMS provides safe games among the youths where they learn various important skills that help in improvement of the physical system nature of the youths in order to promote the nutritional nature. Ethical decisions within the communities varies with the varying in ethical believes. The community involved need to contribute to the nutritional status of their young ones. MED also involves in determining the challenges of the moral situations. US in the past decade have used most of the public schools as the venues of advertising and

Environmental Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Issues - Essay Example The current interest in environmental education is actually spurred by two factors. First is the realization of business firms that complying to environmental standards and implementing programs advocating environmental awareness could increase the preference of customers because they know that the company is very concerned with the whole of society. In other words, it has become a point of competitiveness of the companies. The second factor is the realization that the problem has become so serious to the point that it threatens all sectors of society that it needs immediate attention. The way we are made to perceive environmental issues are distorted by the way the information is relayed to us. Environmental catastrophes are relayed to the audience but its root causes are never fully explained or in some instances, not even analyzed. The ideology that pervades among corporate media practitioners is to simply relay the information but they do not go as far as promoting advocacy. There exists a problem in the way environmental awareness is understood by educators and mass media practitioners and many people in general. They tend to mention events that have harmed the environment but they seldom do point out the root cause. We can only speculate that they are constrained to do so because most of the pollution such as oil spills came from big corporations who may have interests in the establishment where they are employed or who can sue them of all their belongings for tarnishing the name of the company. Those who had the courage to speak out have been branded as agents of doom for the dark predilections that they make. Some of them are actually lampooned and criticized for their messages which bears the truth regarding the state of the environment and the role we humans are playing in its destruction. Saving the environment requires a shift in ideology, an extension of democracy where the institutions are oriented towards environmental protection rather than living in denial and abstraction. The Currents of Ecological Democracy In the contemporary setting, environmentalists have begun to take on a new perspective regarding the pursuit of environmental awareness and environmental protection. What they advocate is direct political action which refers to mass mobilization and extensive forums pressuring the government to take action rather than waiting in vain for environmentally conscious individual to get elected in office. Capitalism which is basically a general term for the desire to acquire profits is seen as totally detrimental to the environment. It is impossible to arrive to a compromise between the desire for profits and the desire to save the environment for business firms will always need to expand and exploit resources to acquire more money. If the resources such as oil are depleted in an area, they move towards another area to keep the business going. As such, the cycle of environmental degradation continues. With this line of thinking, the attempts of corporations to project themselves as environmentally conscious are but a mere propaganda that is full of deceit and lies. Private firms are not the only one to blame. Much of the toxic materials comes from weapons used by

The Percentage by Mass of Calcium Carbonate in Eggshells Essay Example for Free

The Percentage by Mass of Calcium Carbonate in Eggshells Essay The purpose of this experiment is to determine the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshells. Introduction To avoid the breakage of eggs before reaching market, the eggshells needs to be as strong as possible. The strength of eggshells is mainly determined by the percentage of calcium carbonate in it. In order to monitor the quality of eggshells, the following experiment has to be done to determine the percentage of calcium carbonate in eggshells. In this experiment, back titration is used. First, excess acid is reacted with the calcium carbonate in eggshells: 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)+ CO2(g) Later, if we can find out the number of mole of unreacted acid, number of mole of calcium carbonate can then be found out. The number of mole of unreacted acid can be found by titration with the following reaction: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) Percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell can then be calculated by the following formula: % by mass of CaCO3 = Requirements eggshell burette, 50 cm3, and stand pipette, 25 cm3 pipette filler methyl orange indicator M NaOH solution, standardized 1 M hydrochloric acid, standardized ethanol wash-bottle with de-ionized water mortar and pestle forceps safety spectacles 2 beakers, 100 cm3 volumetric flask, 250 cm3 filter funnel, small magnetic stirrer pH meter electronic balance Procedures 1. The attached membrane of the eggshell was removed carefully by forceps and the remaining eggshell was ground into a fine po wder with mortar and pestle. 2. 2 g of powder was weighed accurately by the difference on an electronic balance and put into a beaker on a magnetic stirrer.

Accurate Drainage Network Extraction From Satellite Imagery

Accurate Drainage Network Extraction From Satellite Imagery Ferdousi Khatun 1, Pratikshya Sharma1 Computer Science and Engineering Department, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology Majhitar, Sikkim Abstract. The extraction of the drainage hydrographical network is a key for various types of study such as hydrological analysis, geomorphology, environmental science, terrain analysis and still a research topic in the field of GIS. Drainage network are extracted through satellite image (e.g. Digital Elevation Model (DEM)) processing, contour map processing and raster map processing. Due to the advances in satellite imagery high resolution DEM are captured by many satellite recently. The DEMs is advantageous over toposheet because it provide consistent data with global coverage. Accurate drainage extraction from DEMs is used for hydrological analysis, morphometric analysis, terrain analysis and many other area as DEM provide the fastest path to extract feature. This paper provides the evolution of satellite imagery and accurate drainage network extraction process for various application namely geomorphometric analysis, hydrologic analysis, terrain analysis etc. also describe the ste ps involved to extract drainage stream network from DEM an up-to-date process. Keywords: DEM, ASTER-GDEM, SRTM, Cartosat 1 DEM 1 Introduction Water is the main and most important component on earth surface and drainage pattern is the essential hydrologic, geomorphologic element for analysis. Drainage pattern is a network that is generally formed by the waterbodies, lakes, streams, and rivers in a particular drainage basin which is also known as drainage system or river system. It has many application area like hydrologic modelling of micro watershed, groundwater prospect zone mapping, geomorphometric parameter analysis, water resource planning and management, flood hazard prediction and mitigation, river pattern change detection ,irrigation management etc. field. But drainage pattern extraction on flat surface and less complex terrain is still in research topic. The traditional process of generating the drainage map is from toposheet or contour map that depict the large scale detail of a geographic space. Generally it contains five layer of information, river and waterbody as blue color, road as red, forest as green, conto ur as brown and a black color for text feature. However, channel networks extraction from topo maps require tedious time, and cartography expert needed to provide subjective decision. In brief the steps to extract drainage from contour map is aerial element removal, linear element extraction to produce linear feature map, thinning, dilation, color segmentation and generate segmented layer map [1]. But generation of separate layer map has a limitation it will only work on digital contour map or historical map or high quality toposheet because poor quality toposheet suffer from false color aliasing and mixed color problem. Also available toposheet are old publication 10-20 years back. River pattern also change their position in some places due to landslide, flood or many natural phenomenas thus accurate drainage network is not provided by toposheet [2]. The satellites are capable of producing advanced digital elevation data(e.g., Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission -SRTM-, Interferometr ic Synthetic Aperture Radar for Elevation -IFSARE-) , Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM V2), Cartosat -1 (Cartosat DEM 1.0), Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) etc. so analysis became easier. Early satellite technology does not able to capture the DEM directly so for hydrologic and geomorphologic analysis DEM was generated from various satellite like QUICK BIRD,IKONOS, Landsat tm etc.[3].The most widely used satellite imagery ASTER-GDEM,SRTM-DEM etc. are freely provided by USGS(http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) site with 1,3 arc second spatial resolution and Cartosat-DEM is provided by ISRO(http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/bhuvan_links.php) and used for analyzing the data for various study. The above mention satellite has their specific configuration and suitable for either mountain area, flat surface, medium complex terrain area for accurate river network extraction. The accuracy of ASTER GDEM SRTM -DEM and is almost same [4] . In some cases Cartosat 1 DEM better sound than SRTM DEM for extracting drainage. DEMs with higher resolution provide detailed drainage networks that has greater impact on the drainage map analysis as statistical values become lower when resolution of DEM changes from fine to rude [5]. 1.1 Evaluation of Satellite Imagery for Drainage Extraction DEM plays a crucial role for generating drainage network. In past years the DEMs were available at a global coverage in a 1 KM resolution like GTOPO-30(Global Topography in 30 arc sec).After that Shuttle SRTM ,version 4,C-band DEM of 90m resolution and the ASTER (version 2, 30 m resolution) was launched that provide better resolution which solves the problem regarding spatial resolution. The hydrology analysis became easier in INDIA after launch of Cartosat DEM (version 1) at 30 m in 2011.These data are openly accessible and easily downloaded from USGS and ISRO website. Various purchased stereo-images from Cartosat 1,landsat 7 ETM+,QuickBird,IKONOS,SPOT,SAR are used for generating the DEM using software and can be applied for hydrologic analysis[6],[7],[8],[9][10].Lot of studies is going on hydrological analysis and geomorphometric analysis from DEMs. In India most research is done best on DEM for river basin analysis, estimation of soil loss, water resource evaluation and topographi c characterization[11],[12],[13],[14].The high resolution DEMs provide finer extraction of land surface component like drainage network, slope facets and higher accuracy than a toposheet.The morphometric parameter are heavily depend upon the scale of the feature extrcated.Research is going on which satellite provided imagery is relevant for accurately extract the stream network in various surface area like mountain, flat surface, less complex terrain area.In some cases SRTM is very good for drainage analysis[15],[16]. For accuracy assessment the complete elevation criterion is more focused and less importance given to how the various morphometric variables that are derived, vary from one dataset to the other, as well as how their prepared maps differ. 1.2 Importance of Drainage Network in GIS Drainage means the deportation of surplus water from a given place. In geomorphology and hydrology a Drainage pattern is a network that is generally formed by the waterbodies, lakes, streams, and rivers in a particular drainage basin. They are depend on topography of the land. The shape, size, number of the drainage basins found in an area vary with the topography. A drainage system are of six different type namely Dendritic Drainage, Parallel Drainage, Trellis Drainage, Radial Drainage, and Rectangular Drainage and Deranged Drainage. In hydrological studies, geomorphological analysis DEMs are primary element for catchment boundary, delineation of watershed boundary, estimation of various catchment parameters such as slope, contours, aspects, etc. and morphometric attribute like no of tributaries, stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, relief ratio etc. By examining various hydrological and morphological parameter the irrigation management department supply water in dry weat her for agriculture crop production, water resource management department, flood hazard zone prediction and mitigation department, drainage management department are being very beneficial in recent year. 1.3 Review of Drainage Extraction Methods The mesh network of attached stream pertaining to a land is the river pattern or drainage pattern. These network formation is mainly depend on the morphological aspect of the terrain i.e. slope, varied resistance of rocks and geology and topology of the land. When a DEM is consider for drainage network extraction, the main steps are (1)fill depression,(2)flow direction,(3)flow accumulation and (4)stream network generation. A DEM is the representation of land elevation in digital form that are mainly stored as a rectangular matrix with integer or floating-point values. Among various algorithm the DEM pixels computation is based on D8 method that is first introduced by OCallaghan and Mark (1984)[17].But this algorithm has some derelictions. As per D8 algorithm single flow direction is calculated by comparing the elevation of its 8 neighboring cells where the cells with higher elevations flow towards adjacent cells with lower elevation as the water flow from high elevation to low due to gravity. However parallel flow lines generation in flat areas is the restriction of formation of concentrated channel flow and is a vital limitation of D8 method. The most important problem while delineating stream network using DEM is the presence of sinks, for flat area and depressions it is difficult to set the ends of stream network and the flow direction assignment in individual cells. Thus for accurate extraction the sinks are removed from DEM in the first step. In 1988 an new developed algorithm is introduced by Jensen and Domingue to remove the sinks prior to the flow directions calculation by increasing the elevation value of nodes within each depression pixel to the level of the lowest node on the depression boundary. Next A new method to calculate the upslope areas using rectangular grid DEM and representation of flow directions is introduced known as D-infinity where the direction of flow is not restricted to check its 8 adjacent cells[18].Some research is also done based on multipath flow direction but it is time consuming and more manual effort required for calculation[19][20].To improve the existing method a path based methods to resolve the nondispersive drainage flow direction in grid based DEM is introduced. It improved the D8 a few extent but fails to eliminate local level bias [21]. Over the past 20 years, many improved method based on routing flow through pits and flats have been introduced. The technology developed and the drainage is extracted bas ed on heuristic information. An innovative algorithm is presented by W. Yang and co -authors in 2010 based on heuristic information that accurate extract the drainage network but fails to detect unrealistic parallel drainage lines, unreal drainage lines and spurious terrain features and has a closer match with the existing pattern [22]. More recently in 2012 Mr.Magalhaes have proposed a very simple and innovative approach where the DEM is considered as island and the outside water level raises step by step until the whole DEM is submerged. So gradually it flood the cells of the DEM, next filling the depression and spread it on flat to flow towards a neighbor if that neighbor has a assigned direction of flow that does not point back to the early visited cell. In such manner, the flow direction assignments grow iteratively into flat surfaces from areas. After that flow direction is calculated and accumulation flow is generated that is the final step of stream network generation or dra inage network computation [23].In 2013 a flooding algorithm is proposed by Antonio et.al to extract the drainage on flat surface and able to works on unprocessed DEMs avoiding the problems caused by flats and pits, able to extract watercourses with a width greater than one cell and identify fluvial landforms such as marshes, lakes or river islands that are not directly managed by most of previous solutions[24]. 1.4 Literature Survey Research is going on which satellite imagery provide the accurate result for drainage extraction. DEMs provide us a digital representation of the continuous land surface. Advanced remote sensing technologies (e.g. SRTM, ASTER-GDEM, Cartosat 1.DEM etc.) are capable of generating new elevation data and freely availbale.High resolution DEM provide accurate drainage extraction. During past 20 years many satellite generated imagery is used to extract the drainage pattern and examined on various terrain like mountain area, medium complex terrain and flat surface. But the accurate extraction which is very essential for hydrologic and morphological analysis is still lacking some feature.Gajalakshmi K. and Anantharama V. recently analyses the accuracy between Cartosat 1 DEM and SRTM DEM.As per experiment in gradually undulating terrain, elevation values of Cartosat-DEM are lower than SRTM-DEM. whereas the stream parameter values of Cartosat-DEM are higher than SRTM-DEM[25]. Sarra Ouerghi et.a l. comparers the ASTER-GDEM and SRTM DEM for drainage extraction. The analysis found that ASTER GDEM is more pronounced in flat and less complex terrain [26]. Sample drainage network represented in fig 1.4. Fig 1.4. Stream networks derived from Topo DEM, ASTER GDEM, and SRTM [26] Table 1. Summary of Survey SL No Title Description Remarks 1 Water Body Detection and Delineation with Landsat 5 TM Data. Landsat 5 TM + imagery used to map river line waterbody and compared with Aerial image. Manual classification of Landsat imagery and Aerial imagery. Error in image registration occur. 2 DSM generation and evaluation from QuickBird stereo imagery with 3D physical modeling. QuickBird stereo imagery is used for generating the DEM and 5m contour generation and drainage pattern extraction. Manual process to prepare DEM Automatic extraction missing. Resolution high but time consuming process. 3 Cartosat-1 derived DEM (CartoDEM)towards Parameter Estimation of Microwatershed and Comparison with ALTM DEM. Cartosat-1 and ALTM DEM is compared for drainage pattern extraction and Microwatersheds parameter analysis in MadhyaPrades. Suitable for Mountain area but not suitable for plain area.Saveral steps required to process the DEM and extract the data. 4 Assessment of extraction drainage pattern from topographic maps based on photogrammetry Aerial Image and four toposheet is processed for drainage mapping and compare the both. Satellite imagery accurately extract drainage, some drainage is missing in toposheet. Several image processing steps required to extract pattern from satellite image. 5 A GIS based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Kanhar River Basin, India. ASTER-DEM,Landsat ETM+,SOI toposheet for morphometric analysis All morphometric parameter has not been introduced. 2. Conclusion The extraction of drainage networks can be done form of contour map, raster map or DEMs.The satellite provided DEMs are very efficient to extract the drainage network in all terrain because the satellite gives the up-to-date changes happen on earth surface like change position of river network, new waterbody etc. feature is capture via highly sensitive sensor present in satellite. Thus less time required to extract the pattern from satellite provided DEM.Survey found that automatic extraction is accurately extract the pattern rather than topographic map with less error. The Cartosat 1 DEM is very useful for mountain area, SRTM and ASTER-GDEM is suitable for medium and flat surface where terrain is less complex. References: Tiange Liu Qiguang Miao Pengfei Xu Jianfeng Song Yining Quan. : Color topographical map segmentation Algorithm based on linear element eatures. Springer Journal,Multimedia Tools and Application, Volume 75, Issue 10, (2016)5417-5438 Samih B. 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